In the culture night sky of Chinese bright, it may be said of landscape travel notes is among them a the most glaring star, and the hour that this star begins to flare, sure it is the composing that Liu Zongyuan writes down him, " always city 8 write down " when. " always city 8 write down " it is affection of the first be in harmony of our country landscape travel notes of Yu Jing, it landscape depict comprehensive, meticulous, each have distinguishing feature, provide aesthetic feeling to suffer extremely, "All scene language all affection language " use in this 8 write down again appropriate did not pass. After studying period of time, I am right " always city 8 write down " understanding is as follows.
在中国的璀璨的文化夜空中，山水游记可谓是其中最闪耀的一颗星，而这颗星开始闪耀的时刻，必定是柳宗元写下他的著作—《永州八记》的时候。《永州八记》是我国第一个融情于景的山水游记，它把山水刻画的全面，细致，各有特色，极具审美感受，“一切景语皆情语”用在这八记上再合适不过了。在研究了一段时间后，我对《永州八记》的理解如下。
Liu Zongyuan one's previous experience at a giant taxi a group of things with common features, cry " river Dong Liu " , but should arrive Liu Zongyuan when this one generation, had comparatived be on the wane, so Liu Zongyuan is being borne as a child revive the weighty responsibility of willow family name. Liu Zongyuan attended Yongzhen to innovate later, but the innovation fails very quickly, he is demoted always city green Www.0279.NeT, exile forever. This can say is forfeit the life after he is 32 years old thoroughly. In ancient time feudal system falls, a lot of have annals personage to have unrecognized talent, and often fall in this kind of circumstance, people or sadness comes extremely, cannot recover after a setback, attempt and accomplish nothing, or walks out of a shadow, make a career one time.
柳宗元出身于一个庞大的士族，叫“河东柳氏”，但当到柳宗元这一辈时，就已经相当衰落了，所以柳宗元从小就背负着复兴柳氏的重大责任。后来柳宗元参加了永贞革新，但革新很快失败，他被贬到永州绿色Www.0279.NeT，永远流放。这可以说是把他32岁之后的人生彻底断送。在古代封建体制下，有很多有志人士怀才不遇，而往往在这种情况下，人们要么悲伤至极，一蹶不振，无所作为，要么走出阴影，成就一番事业。
Liu Zongyuan belongs to latter, in " stand heart " " make contributions " when all failing, he comes with lovemaking landscape the anguish of untangle heart. In " Shi Qu is written down " in, he an everyday country is natural of gravelstone canal depict beautiful to extremely, "Have a spring faint like that, its cry suddenly big suddenly fine. " the spring of Dan Dan babbles had flowed, from time to time passes from stone underset, from time to time has overflowed stone to go up; Spring collects synthesis " " , "Calamus by, green Xian Huanzhou " ; Spring is flowed into on the west, inside the pool " fish of clear deep much Zuo " ; Spring infuse deeps and clear water, two side " all weir Shi Guaimu, strange grass beautiful arrow " , "Wind shakes its peak, charm moves valley " . Flow through writing spring, canal medium spring, with, the clever spot compose such as pool, flower, bamboo, wood, stone rises, set each other off becomes an interest. Xiao gravelstone canal becomes thereby the sound that has music already, have the color of painting again, much appearance is colorful, form the beauty that a kind of glittering and translucent get rid of appears. Can say, liu Zongyuan has a kind to feel power meticulously to natural sense of beauty, also be this kind feels power, make he can water of lovemaking Yu Shan.
柳宗元就属于后者，在“立德”“立功”皆失败时，他以寄情山水来排解内心的苦闷。在《石渠记》中，他把普普通通的乡间天然小石渠描写的优美至极，“有泉幽幽然，其鸣乍大乍细。”澹澹的泉水叮咚流过，时而从石底流过，时而漫过石上；泉水汇合成“泓”，“菖蒲被之，青鲜环周”；泉水西去流入潭中，潭内“清深多鯈鱼”；泉水注入潇水，两侧“皆诡石怪木，奇卉美箭”，“风摇其巅，韵动崖谷”。通过写泉水流动，把渠中的泉，与泓、潭、花、竹、木、石等巧妙地点缀起来，相映成趣。小小石渠从而变得既有音乐之声响，又有丹青之色彩，多姿多彩，形成一种晶莹剔透之美。可以说，柳宗元对自然美感具有一种细致的感受力，也是这种感受力，使他能够寄情于山水。
In " always city 8 write down " in the famousest is affection and scene blend, be just like " gravelstone pool is written down " , the author was to hear first " if cry admire annulus " current sound, "The heart is happy " , hear underwater acoustic and advanced, after seeing spring is in, be like a pool is to be found innocently, write Tan Zhongshi then, tan Bian is cultivated, the fish inside the pool, keep a fish among them a paragraph, can weighs clever pen. The fish falls in sunshine " contented is not moved " , after seeing a person " come-and-go amiables and compliant " , shadow of sunshine, clear water, fish, Shi Tan made a kind of natural wonderful picturesque scene, show static in see the beautiful poetics that move. Fish as happy as person photograph what the heart after the scenery of so deep and remote beauty sees outside making we can experience him completely to care about is glad. " always city 8 write down " represents view, it is clear hill, strange water, deep and remote mostly forest, strange stone and so on. Mr Meng Shi ever had said " the content outside our consciousness, content itself often is shot outside the feeling him earning, the attribute that he thinks content place is inherent by accident, become in mine originally then in content " so, the innocence of the spring in Liu Zongyuan eye, Tan Shui is not had corrupt, the different prevalent custom of cunning stone, strange wood, the faint scent of strange Hua Yihui 4 excessive, of beautiful arrow beautiful bamboo already Gu and straight, as high-minded as Liu Zongyuan's humanness, loftily outstanding and unified photograph is harmonious.
在《永州八记》中最著名的是情与景的交融，就好比《小石潭记》，作者先是听到了“如鸣佩环”的水流声，“心乐之”，闻水声在前，见泉水在后，好像潭是无意觅得，接着写潭中石，潭边树，潭内鱼，其中写鱼一段，堪称妙笔。鱼在阳光下“怡然不动”，见人后“往来翕乎”，阳光、清水、鱼影、石潭构成了一种天然的奇妙画境，表现出静中见动的优美诗情。鱼儿与人相乐使我们完全能够体会到他在意外看见这般幽美的风景后内心的欣喜。《永州八记》所描绘的景，大都是清山、奇水、幽林、怪石之类。孟实先生曾说过“我们知觉外物，常把自己所得的感受外射到物本身上去，把他误认为物所固有的属性，于是本来在我的就变成在物的了”所以，柳宗元眼中的泉水、潭水的清白无污，诡石、怪木的不同流俗，奇花异卉的清香四溢，美箭秀竹的既孤且直，都与柳宗元的为人高洁，傲然卓越统一相协调。
And the author demotes after the official, the abandon of generation feels and alone feeling, grumble, Bei hates the depressed mood of difficult discharge, also show fully along with all the others in work. Be like " gravelstone pool is written down " medium " all sides Zhu Shuhuan closes, lonesome and unmanned, chilly mind cold spirit, quiet sorrowful deep and remote deep. " , in " only then get travel notes of west hill banquet " in, "Bring wine cup brimmer, dejected and drunk " , write again then " Cang Ran dusk, from far and to, come to see without place, and still not be about to return. The heart coagulates form commentate, with 10 thousand change dark to close " . So tragic scene, be full of the meaning with cool Bei, read will make a person creepy, miserable feeling emerges naturally mind. Him author sad affection is shown fully in between the lines, miserable feeling, the meaning with cool Bei, force shows paper back. And in " hammock of cobaltic Zuo Tan Xi is written down " in, the hammock that he writes is so elegant, be charmed making a person, however because be in devious always city and nobody live; In " Yuan Jia is written down yearningly " in, the scenery of his depict such deep and remote beauty, unmanned however amuse oneself; In " gravelstone city hill is written down " in, he puts hill of such gravelstone city in so remote region to express deep doubt to the god. Can you say he just is in interrogative these beautiful scenery unmanned make inquires? Cannot. This is a kind of analogy, author him assimilate to these beautiful scenery that are not taken seriously, the indignation that expresses him strongly to have unrecognized talent and indissoluble. He returns say " danger of high and steep of deep and remote Lin Yu of the remote mountains on its, path narrow cannot poor also " , be, ahead way is long and be full of hardships, dark and do not see sunshine, is this to be in all up that conveys pair of future, deep feeling to life?
而作者贬官后，产生的遗弃感和孤独感、满腹牢骚、悲恨难泄的郁闷心情，也在作品中一并透露出来。如《小石潭记》中的“四面竹树环合，寂寥无人，凄神寒骨，悄怆幽邃。”，在《始得西山宴游记》中，“引觞满杯，颓然而醉”，接着又写“苍然暮色，自远而至，至无所见，而犹不欲归。心凝形释，与万化冥合”。如此凄惨的景色，充满悲凉之意，读来使人毛骨悚然，凄凉之情自然涌上心头。作者自己的悲伤之情在字里行间透露出来，凄楚之情，悲凉之意，力透纸背。而在《钴鉧潭西小丘记》中，他写的小丘如此精美，令人神往，却因在偏僻的永州而无人居住；在《袁家渴记》中，他描写的景色如此的幽美，却无人游玩；在《小石城山记》中，他对造物主把如此小石城山安放在这么偏远的地区表示深深的疑惑。你能说他只是在疑惑这些美景无人问津吗？不能。这是一种比喻，作者把自己比作这些不被人重视的美景，强烈地表达他怀才不遇的悲愤与不解。他还说道“其上深山幽林逾峭险，道狭不可穷也”，是啊，前方道路漫长且充满艰辛，阴暗而不见阳光，这难道不是在表达对未来的无望、对人生的感慨吗？
Although he is put without Liu Yu Xihao, do not do Wang Wei and Meng Hao like that ignore politics, ripple thoroughly landscape, but we can from him " always city 8 write down " do not leave politics, the people's livelihood with what Shi Wenzhong sees him. Be in like him " Jiang Xue " in of expression same, although be in such chill, corrupt environment, below so difficult life, even if alone, the Qing Dynasty that still also should hold to oneself clean-fingered, die for own country, care nation concern civilian, do not abandon hoping, face difficulty actively.
他虽然没有刘禹锡豪放，做不到王维与孟浩然的不理政治，彻底荡漾山水，但我们能从他的《永州八记》和诗文中看出他的不离政治、民生。就像他在《江雪》中表达的一样，即使在如此寒冷，腐败的环境，在如此困难的生活下，就算孤身一人，也仍要坚持自己的清正廉洁，为国捐躯，忧国忧民，不放弃希望，积极面对困难。
He is in " only then get travel notes of west hill banquet " in say " know the outstanding that is hill next, not with earth up to be kind " , and pure and fresh and small mound of other of this prep above, beautiful west hill, be his portraiture to oneself. In official circles, he not associate with an evil person, accomplish " piece silty and do not catch, wash clear ripples and not bewitching " in the crowd of the ground that although mix slash Yu Man,smooths, in, he also won't resemble Everyman euqally faineant, ready is commonplace, maintain oneself to establish the quality and style that goes alone especially however, have ambitious ambition. And in " is Shi Jian written down " in is he written " do its have Gu Zhi's person happy this Ye? Does the arrival after have can you chase after granted carry out to walk on Ye? " , although helpless mood is in inside, reflect however give a kind " before do not see the ancients, arrival disappears after " self-confident, reveal a surprise of the perspective at the ordinary person and life distinctive.
他在《始得西山宴游记》中说“然后知是山之特出，不与培塿为类”，而这高于其它小土丘、清新秀丽的西山，正是他对于自己的写照。在官场里，他不同流合污，做到“出淤泥而不染，濯清涟而不妖”即使混迹于蛮夷之地的人群中，中，他也不会像普通人一样无所事事、甘于平庸，而是保持自己特立独行的品格，怀有远大志向。而在《石涧记》里他则写道“古之人其有乐乎此耶？后之来者有能追予之践履耶？”，虽然有无奈的心绪在里面，却体现出一种“前不见古人，后不见来者”的自信，流露出异于常人的视角和人生的独特。
Liu Zongyuan is in be immersed in life hopeless situation when, did not quit the life, job hard not only, still still the heart fastens the world, accomplished " the care below a priori and care, what will fall the day after tomorrow is happy and happy " , he was not defeated by the setback of life, still got the flight of character instead. In sadness, lovemaking landscape, in hopeless situation, of one mind dedicates oneself to the service of his motherland. All these is in " always city 8 write down " in the incisively and vividly that reflect, amid of country of indignation, happy, care, self-improvement interweaves, hide in the landscape that sees, because,also be such, " always city 8 write down " just be praised by common people, become generation to keep Jing Wen's model.
柳宗元在陷入人生绝境之时，不仅没有放弃努力生活、工作，还仍然心系天下，做到了“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”，他没有被人生的挫折打败，反而还得到了人格的飞跃。忧愁之中，寄情山水，绝境之中，一心报国。这一切都在《永州八记》中体现的淋漓尽致，悲愤、欢乐、忧国、自强在其中交织，藏在所见的山水之中，也正是因为这样，《永州八记》才被世人称赞，成为一代写景文的楷模。