Speak of Du Fu, be publicity. "Shi Sheng " Du Fu, its poem is known as " poetic history " . If mention to a scholar Du Fu, so hear most is certainly " be a comprehensive expression of person " . The Mencius says: "Be a comprehensive expression of also person, jin Sheng and Yu Zhenzhi also. " Mr Xie Jiaying ever gave to this figure explains: If compare person lifetime,make music, so a kind of musical instrument is performed, this is Xiaocheng, a variety of musical instrument perform the complete symphony that go out, this is become greatly therefore. The person that why is Du Fu be a comprehensive expression of? because of him the poem of whatever appearance can have been written, because his poem also is metabolic multiterminal.
说起杜甫，算是人尽皆知了。“诗圣”杜甫，其诗被誉为“诗史”。若向一位学者提起杜甫，那么听到最多的一定是“集大成者”。孟子说：“集大成也者，金声而玉振之也。”叶嘉莹先生曾对此予以形象解释：若将人一生比作乐曲，那么一种乐器演奏，此乃小成，多种乐器演奏出的完整的交响乐，此乃大成。杜甫何以为集大成者？正因为他无论什么样的诗都能写好，因此他的诗也是变化多端。
This the first " change " the form that should leave Du Shi surely, unlike coetaneous do not love a poem of eight lines, a poem of four lines, favore the Li Bai of a form of pre-Tang poetry. "Since build how to come, beautiful and insufficient precious " , du Fu is " not thin today the person loves the ancients, qing Cili sentence it is adjacent surely " , that is to say, want the expressions that is beauty only, he is willing to imitate, go accepting. The mind of this kind of be a comprehensive expression of, just bring up him changeful stylistic. See a poem of eight lines and a poem of four lines above all, they because of rigid limitation, suffer poetic bad-mouth fully at that time, even a few well-known great poets write also somewhat blemish. Be like " kind and gentle gas urges Huang Diao, fine light turns green Ta " , although be carefully and nearly, read rise however hard to avoid feels formalist, but see Du Fu? "Xing Chuiping wild broadness, the month emerges great river flows " imposing manner extensive grand, "Dare love dead when aid, loneliness is strong heart Jing " the indignation that jump out and lofty ideal, none overcautious. "I already found younger brother's wife without the home, jun Jin visits front courtyard a side gate of an imperial palace where " , this one will be written into the poem to the inquire about of friend, green Www.0279.NeT nature is random, scrutiny however a matching of both sound and sense in two lines carefully and nearly, it is the running water that stretch as string of 1000 cash is opposite, "The country defeats the land of country to be in, city spring wood is deep " , it is to draw up more new idea, image is comparative and violent, flat meaning does not say to show oneself. Look again " leave Lian Hudie constantly dance, caw of just of comfortable charming warbler " because this one a poem of four lines is difficult see artful, with the gimmick to the knot, be full of Yu Yun. Read its usu. having five or seven characters to each line, left rules and forms of classical poem manacle, du Shixian gets more bold and unrestrained freedom. "Install widely between mansion ten million, shelter greatly the world is cold person all smiles happily, harships does not move An Rushan " , this one a type is changeful, continue to hold a title and fall, rhythm clang, imposing manner gallops, poetic care a of civilian Bei country fervent heart expression gets incisively and vividly. "Gentleman disappears, qinghai head, nobody receive bones of the dead of since time immemorial. " this one tone is distress, painful the injustice that appeals to Tang Wangchao use all armed might to indulge in aggressive wars. His song travel system " manhood is not born to become famous the body is old already, 3 years be hungry walks along barren mountain to " , it is to leave after respectful an administrative unit in Xizang completely, barren mountain on the road hardships pinch.
这第一“变”便定要留给杜诗的形式，不同于同时代不爱律诗、绝句，偏爱古体诗的李白。“自从建安来，绮丽不足珍”，杜甫则是“不薄今人爱古人，清词丽句必为邻”，也就是说，只要是美丽的词句，他都愿意去模仿，去接受。这种集大成的胸襟，才造就他多变的体裁。首先看律诗和绝句，它们因严格的限制，在当时备受诗人诟病，甚至一些出名的大诗人写的也略有缺陷。如“淑气催黄鸟，晴光转绿蘋”，虽是工整，读起来却难免觉得死板，但看杜甫呢？“星垂平野阔，月涌大江流”气势恢宏，“济时敢爱死，寂寞壮心惊”喷薄而出的愤慨与壮志，毫不拘谨。“我已无家寻弟妹，君今何处访庭闱”，此一句将对友人的探问写入诗中，绿色Www.0279.NeT自然随意，细看却又对仗工整，是一气贯成的流水对，“国破山河在，城春草木深”，更是写出新意，意象对比强烈，萧条之意不说自现。再看“留连戏蝶时时舞，自在娇莺恰恰啼”这一绝句因难见巧，用对结的手法，饶有余韵。看其古体诗，离开了格律的束缚，杜诗显得更加奔放自由。“安得广厦千万间，大庇天下寒士俱欢颜，风雨不动安如山”，此一句句式多变，蝉联而下，节奏铿锵，气势奔腾，将诗人忧民悲国的一颗火热之心表现得淋漓尽致。“君不见，青海头，古来白骨无人收。”这一句笔调悲痛，痛诉唐王朝穷兵黩武的罪恶。他的歌行体一句“男儿生不成名身已老，三年饥走荒山道”，满是离开肃宗后，荒山道上的艰辛困苦。
You Dufu's poem reachs the fastidious that to him the life experiences on the history, we can discover Du Fu rushs about all one's life go up in the road, be born in Cheng Tang's fine, had seen flourishing hind full however the queasy suffering that tastes chaos caused by war and country, although his lifetime is not had big cases, have however fall greatly, big Bei great rejoicing, experience for many times, as information accumulate as ceaseless as oneself experience increase ceaselessly, du Shi's affection also is changing ceaselessly, this is another " change " -- affection is changeful.
由杜甫的诗及历史上对他生平经历的考究，我们可以发现杜甫一生奔波在路上，生在盛唐的末尾，见过繁华后却饱尝战乱与国家的动荡之苦，他一生虽无大起，却有大落，大悲大喜，经历多次，随着见闻的不断积累与自身经历不断增多，杜诗的情感也在不断变化，这便是另一“变”——情感多变。
Young period has Du Fu " on the Yao and Shun that send gentleman, make custom pures again " baronial ambition, all previous crosses a paragraph " between debauch Qi Zhao, qing Dynasty of fur coat Ma Po is mad " so the day of high-spirited and vigorous. His family circumstances is still good in those days, everywhere anxious is less than him, then he carries a pen is " can become approach is zenithal, general view numerous hill is small " , seeing a horse be written down " brave is vacated be like this, 10 thousand lis can run amuck " , when enjoying a picture, also be " why should attack Fan Diao, wool blood asperses Ping Wu " , everywhere the mad interest of the ambitious ambition that all without exception is disclosing him and in one's heart, his division is taken an examination of later lose out, attend Xuan Zongzhao the world to connect again one art person should try, just because of authority Xiang Lilin however " wild without involuntary discharge of urine virtuous " farce loses an election again, du Fu must be pressed those who issue oneself is mad, stoop back, "Chao Koufu the door, dusk follows fat Ma Chen, incomplete cup and cold broil, everywhere Qian Beixin. " Chang'an of his defend against a siege, be obliged to cast give dry call on, transfer the door of influential officials, between this first phase, the collect in his poem had the drive of the invincible when the youth, but the high aim in still forgetting him heart, do not forget to care a country, right now famine of Chang'an in successive years, common people is badly off. Du Fu's poem is much mediumer the care to the people's livelihood, much also the deep feeling of uneasiness of bitter to common people Bei, the manners and morals of the time: "Poor year of care Li Yuan, the heat inside groan bowel. " " flesh of wine of vermilion gates-red-lacquered doors of wealthy homes is smelly, the road has freeze to death bone. " so that be in this hard time, he " the introduction hears squall, the youngest son is hungry already soldier " , still do not forget to think of however reach common people suffering, "Stroke mark still acerbity laborious, make the same score bits of person firm coquettish. " what frozen to dark reality the manners and morals of the time also theres is no lack of in the poem is depressed and discontented with Bei laborious. "Bian Tingliu blood becomes seawater, wu Huang opens edge meaning not already. " " Cao of bare county officer has capable person outstanding, post-horse of soft fur coat is become ice and snow. " already was Bei suffering right now, did not pass how long, within an inch of presses dead Tang Wangchao that straw of this camel -- " bring Shi Zhi chaos " erupted, du Fu's poem from this later, affection is more distress, care much happy event is little, plaint flames of war isolates family, "Balefire is connected March, a letter from home touchs 10 thousand gold. " distressed soldier die tragicly, "Meng Dong home of 10 county fine child, blood makes the water in Chen Tao lustre. " the heart all the more of care civilian highlights the sort of care country in poem of this period Du Fu, "3 official " " 3 fasten " it is the miserable condition that discloses people with the perspective of party more. He is now and then happy also appear particularly precious, be like " overflow a poetic book happy desire is mad " . Altogether, that paragraph of history that the affection in Du Fu poem is like Tang Wangchao is general, gadarene all the time, have small billows now and then.
杜甫青年时期怀有“致君尧舜上，再使风俗淳”的宏大志向，历过一段“放荡齐赵间，裘马颇清狂”这般意气风发的日子。那时他家境尚好，各处都愁不到他，于是他提笔便是“会当凌绝顶，一览众山小”，见着一匹马便写下“骁腾有如此，万里可横行”，赏画时也是“何当击凡鸟，毛血洒平芜”，处处无不透露着他的远大志向与骨子里的狂劲，后来他科考落榜，又参加玄宗诏天下通一艺者的应试，却因权相李林甫一场“野无遗贤”的闹剧再次落选，杜甫不得不压下自己的狂，弯下脊背，“朝扣富儿门，暮随肥马尘，残杯与冷炙，到处潜悲辛。”他困守长安，只得投赠干谒，转走权贵之门，在这一期间，他的诗中敛起了青年时所向披靡的锐气，但仍不忘自己心中大志，不忘关心国家，此时长安连年饥荒，百姓生活困难。杜甫的诗中多了对民生的关切，也多了对百姓悲苦、世道不安的感慨：“穷年忧黎元，叹息肠内热。”“朱门酒肉臭，路有冻死骨。”以至于在这个艰苦的年代里，他“入门闻嚎啕，幼子饿已卒”，却仍不忘思及百姓苦，“抚迹犹酸辛，平人固骚屑。”诗中也不乏对黑暗现实冰冷世道的愤懑与悲辛。“边庭流血成海水，武皇开边意未已。”“赤县官曹拥材杰，软裘快马当冰雪。”此时已是悲苦，没过多久，差点压死唐王朝这匹骆驼的那根稻草——“安史之乱”爆发了，杜甫的诗自此之后，情感更加悲痛，忧多喜少，感叹战火隔开家人，“烽火连三月，家书抵万金。”痛心兵士惨死，“孟冬十郡良家子，血作陈陶泽中水。”这时期杜甫诗中那种忧国忧民之心愈加凸显，“三吏”“三别”更是以当事人的视角揭露人民之惨状。他偶尔的乐也显得尤为珍贵，如“漫卷诗书喜欲狂”。总而言之，杜甫诗中的情感就如唐王朝的那段历史一般，一直朝下，偶尔有一点小波澜。
Du Fu's poem is later ages place to imitate, be praised, be eulogized, also having these changeful theme just about, mixed feeling changes, just make his poem sticks accrete work so, the pulse of history of press close to, ability casting with respect to him the peak of poetic perfection of poetic history!
杜甫的诗之所以为后世所模仿，所称赞，所传颂，也正是有着这些多变的题材，复杂的情感变化，才使他的诗如此贴合生活，贴近历史的脉搏，才铸就他诗史的绝唱！