2021年职称英语考试阅读理解模拟试题及答案
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Digital Realm
In the digital realm, the next big advance will be voice recognition. The rudiments are already here but in primitive form. Ask a computer to “recognize speech,” and it is likely to think you want it to “wreck a nice beach.” But in a decade or so we’ll be able to chat away and machines will soak it all in5. Microchips will be truly embedded in our lives when we can talk to them. Not only to our computers; we’ll also able to chat our automobile navigation systems, telephone consoles6, browsers, thermostats, VCRs, microwaves and any other devices we want to boss around7.
That will open the way to the next phase of the digital age: artificial intelligence. By our providing so many thoughts and preferences to our machines each day, they’ll accumulate enough information about how we think so that they’ll be able to mimic our minds and act as our agents. Scary, huh? But potentially quite useful. At least until they don’t need us anymore and start building even smarter machines they can boss around.
The law powering the digital age up until now has been Gordon Moore’s: that microchips will double in power and halve in price every 18 months or so. Bill Gates rules because early on he acted on the assumption that computing power—the capacity of microprocessors and memory chips—would become nearly free; his company kept churning out more and more lines of complex software to make use of the cheap bounty. The law that will power the next few decades is that the bandwidth the capacity of fiber-optic and other pipelines to carry digital communications will become nearly free.
Along with the recent advances in digital switching and storage technologies, this means a future in which all forms of content—movies, music, shows, books, data, magazines, newspapers, your aunt’s recipes and home videos—will be instantly available anywhere on demand. Anyone will be able to be a producer of any content; you’ll be able to create a movie or magazine, make it available to the world and charge for it, just like Time Warner!
The result will be a transition from a mass-market world to a personalized one. Instead of centralized factories and studios that distribute or broadcast the same product to millions, technology is already allowing products to be tailored to each user. You can subscribe to news sources that serve up only topics and opinions that fit your fancy. Everything from shoes to steel can be customized to meet inpidual wishes.
注释:
1. voice recognition:语音识别
2. rudiments:处于早期或未发展阶段的东西，常用复数形式。如： the rudiments of a plan of action 一个行动计划的雏形。
3. Ask a computer to “ recognize speech.” and it is likely to think you want it to “ wreck It nice beach.”:你要求计算机“识别语音”，而它很可能认为你要它去“毁坏一个美丽的海滩”。这是一个翻译成中文后就无法反映的文字游戏。以较快的语速读“ recognize speech“，其声音效果很像“ wreck a nice”。使用这一文字游戏，旨在说明
语音识别技术的难度。
4. chat away: 不停地聊。 away:意为“continuously”连续地，如: It is raining away.雨不停地下着。
5. soak it all in:全部理解，这里的意思是 :能没有差错地识别语音，理解意思。
6. telephone consoles:电话机座。 console:意为“a cabinet for a radio, television set, or phonograph, designed to stand on the floor” 用来放置收音机、电视机或留声机的机箱或机柜;机座 。
7. boss around:意为“ to give orders to, especially in a domineering manner”发号施令 。
8. artificial intelligence:人工智能
9. huh:语气词：用于表示疑问、吃惊、轻蔑或冷漠等，这里用于疑问。
10. power:动词，意为“激励”。
11. Gordon Moore：戈登·穆尔，英国英特尔公司创始人之一， Moore’s Law 穆尔定律以他的名字命名。穆尔定律即是第三段中他的预言。
12. churning out:意为“to produce in an abundant and automatic manner”大量产出 ，如: He churns out four novels a year.他一年出四本小说。
练习:
1. The techniques of voice recognition A are mature enough for extensive use. B are in its initial stage of development. C will aid people to chat through computers. D will assist people to recognize each other’s voice.
2. According to the second paragraph, when we reach the stage of artificial intelligence, A machines can be our agents us they understand our thoughts. B machines will give orders to smarter machines they build. C machines will not need us any more. D machines will be intelligent enough to boss around.
3. What’s the best description of Gordon Moore’s law as mentioned in the third paragraph? A It motivates the development of the digital world. B Bill Gates rules the digital world with the law. C It enables computing power to become free. D It helps the development of the bandwidth.
4. What can people do in a future scene as described in the fourth paragraph? A Compose music and make it available to the world. B Make films and charge for it. C Write books and sell them. D All of the above.
5. Which of the following statements is true of a personalized market? A The personalized market tends to be replaced by the mass market. B The same product is distributed to millions of users. C In a personalized market, products are tailored to each consumer. D Inpiduals can control centralized factories and studios.
答案与解释 :
1. B 第一段的第一句、第二句提供了答案。 A不是正确选项，因为根据整篇文章，尤其是第一段的内容，语音识别技术虽然处于初始阶段，但在十年左右的时间里，这种技术将得到广泛应用。语音技术使人们得以和机器对话，所以 C和 D都是错误的选项。
2. A第二段的第二句提供了答案。该段昀后一句的意思是 : 这样的智能机器是很有用的 除非发展到他们不再需要我们人类，并且开始制造他们能够指使的'更聪明的机器。这个句子表达的是人们不愿看到的情景，并不是人工智能的必然结果。所以，不能选择 C、D。
3. A第三段的第一句和该段第三句告诉我们，穆尔定律一直激励着电子时代的发展，而且将在今后的几十年里继续推动宽带的发展空间。所以 A是昀佳选项。 B、C和 D表达的内容虽然与穆尔定律有一定的关系，但不是直接的关系。
4. D该段表述的意思是 :数字电子技术的未来将不但能提供人们所需要的所有内容，而且人们能够创造和销售任何形式的内容。所以 D是正确的选项。
5. C昀后一段的第二句提供了答案。
译文：
数码王国
数码王国的下一个大发展将是语音识别系统。这个系统的雏形已经形成，但仅仅是个最原始的形态。冲着电脑讲：“识别语音”，很可能出现的后果是电脑会认为你要它去“毁坏一个美丽的海滩”。但时下多年后我们就能不停的冲着电脑聊下去，而它也能完全理解我们的意思。当我们能与电脑芯片对话时，它就会深深的影响着我们的生活。不仅仅是电脑，我们甚至能与自动交通系统、电话座机、浏览器和恒温器、大屏幕、微波设备，还有别的我们需要发布命令的机器聊天。
这将会为我们打开一下个数码纪元的大门：人工智能。随着我们每天不断地向机器人提供各种想法和喜好，机器将会积累足够的信息来了解我们的想法，可以模仿我们的大脑思维，扮演着代理人的角色。吓到了，哈?但这个设想的潜在作用很大，至少在这之前很有用——人工智能型机器人决定不再需要我们并开始独立制造更为聪明的机器以供驱策。
迄今为止的数码时代的法则是由戈登·穆尔制定的，即：每18个月电脑芯片的功能加倍而价格减至一半。而稍稍早些比尔·盖茨之所以能够操控着电脑界是因为他按照计算机将会统治世界的假定行动——微处理器和记忆芯片的价格会趋于零;他和他的公司一直大量的捆绑销售越来越多的系列软件。而接下来的几十年中，新的法则会是光纤宽带及其他输送数码通讯渠道的费用趋于零。
随着数码启动和储存的最新发展，上述法则意味着未来所有的相关内容——电影、音乐、演出、书籍、资料、杂志、报纸，甚至你婶婶的菜谱和家庭录影——随时随地都可以立即下载。任何人都可以成为上述内容的出品者;你甚至也能创出一本杂志或是制作一部电影，提供给全世界的人并收取费用，就像泰姆·华纳。
结果是大众化市场朝着个性化市场转变。不同于传统的集中的电影厂和工作室向数百万人提供播放的同种产品，现在的技术已经能使产品满足不同人的不同需要。你可以付费给提供你个人喜欢的新闻信息的系统。从鞋类到钢材都可以满足消费者的个性需求。