2021年职称英语理工类阅读判断专项试题及答案
Text one
Rescue Platform
In the aftermath of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center, security experts are trying to develop new ways of rescuing people from burning skyscrapers. One idea is a platform capable of flying vertically and hovering in the air like a helicopter. The platform would rise up and down alongside a skyscraper and pick up people trapped in high stories.
The idea for the vertical takeoff platform was hatched more than ten years ago by a Russian aerospace engineer, David Metreveli, who has since moved to Israel. Metreveli's design, called the Eagle, calls for two jet engines that turn four large horizontal propellers. The spinning of the propellers generates the necessary lift, or upward force, to raise the platform. The more power is supplied to the propellers, the higher the platform rises. Moving the platform sideways involves applying differing amounts of power to each propeller.
Helicopters are now used in some cases to get people out of burning buildings. Escape baskets slung from them dangle beside the building for people to climb into. Unfortunately, the baskets cannot reach every floor of a building because the ropes from which they hang become unstable beyond a certain length.
So far, Metreveli has built a small-scale model of the Eagle to test his idea. In the wake of September 11, he has been able to secure enough funding to start building a larger, 4-meter by 4-meter prototype, which he calls the Eaglet.
词汇：
aftermath 结果，后果 sling 用悬带吊挂
hover 盘旋 dangle 摇摆
hatch 策划 prototype 原型
propeller 螺旋桨;推进器
注释：
1.One idea is platform capable of flying vertically and hovering in the air like a helicopter：形容词短语capable of flying vertically and hovering…用作定语，修饰platform
2.since=since ten years ago
3.escape basket：救生篮
4.in the wake of：在……后
5.4-meter by 4-meter：4米*4米
练习：
1. A rescue platform called the Eagle is capable of moving vertically but not sideways.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
2. The four propellers are fitted horizontally to the Eagle.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
3. With the help of jet engines, the Eagle can fly at a speed of 100 miles an hour.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
4. In the third paragraph, the word helicopter refers to the Eagle.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
5. The more jet engines are fitted to the propellers, the more people the platform can carry.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
6. In the wake of September 11, Mr. Metreveli has secured enough funding to build up a small-scale model of the Eagle to test his idea.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
7. Mr. Metreveli is designing for Israel a more advanced form of rescue platform than the Eagle or the Eaglet.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
答案与题解：
1.B 本题给出的信息是错误的。第二段说，救生平台既可垂直升降，也可侧向移动。
2.A 本题给出的信息是正确的。根据第二段第二句：Metreveli's design, called the Eagle, calls for two jet engines that turn four large horizontal propellers.句中的horizaontal propellers指水平方向旋转的螺旋推进器。
3.C 文章没有提到救生平台移动的速度。
4.B 从上下文看，本段介绍直升机在营救高楼受困人员时有不足之处，即救生篮晃动、不稳定。虽然本段没有明说，读者能体会到，the Eagle 就没有这个缺点。所以，本题说helicopter就是the Eagle，传达的信息是错误的。
5.C 文章没有提供“救生平台动力越大，载人越多”这一信息，只是在第二段倒数第二句说： The more power is supplied to the propellers, the higher the platform rises.
6.B “9·11”事件之后，Metreveli 拿到的是建造 a larger，4-meter by 4-meter prototype 的经费，而不是建造a small-scale model of Eagel的经费。
7.C 文章没有提供这方面的信息。
译文：救生平台
在世界贸易中心遭到恐怖袭击后，安全专家们正在努力寻找新方法，来从燃烧的摩天大楼上营救人们，其中的想法之一就是构建一个能够垂直升降并像直升机一样在空中盘旋的平台。该平台可沿摩天大楼上下移动，运送高楼受困人员。
十多年前，一名俄罗斯航空航天工程师 David Metreveli酝酿出垂直起落平台这一想法，随后移居以色列。 Metreveli的设计方案命名为“老鹰”，需用两个喷气发动机来推动四个大型水平方向旋转的螺旋推进器。螺旋推进器快速旋转，生成必要的上升力，使平台升起。供给螺旋推进器的能量越多，平台升得就越高。要使平台侧向移动，则需要给螺旋推进器添加不等的能量。
现在，人们有时还用直升机营救起火大楼中的被困人员，从直升机中抛出的就生篮在大楼旁摇摆，人们可以爬到里面去。不幸的是，由于悬挂救生篮的绳索在超出一定长度后就会非常不稳定，所以救生篮无法到达每一层楼。
目前， Metreveli已经建立起一个小型“老鹰”模型来检测自己的构思。“ 911”事件后， MetreveJi获得了足够的基金，开始构建一个较大规模的模型。该模型大小为4米×4米，他将之命名为“小鹰”。
Text two
Microchip Research Center Created
A research center has been set up in this Far Eastern country to develop advanced micro-chip production technology. The center, which will start out with about US $14 million, will help the country develop its chip industry without always depending on imported technology.
The center will make use of its research skills and facilities to develop new technology for domestic chip plants. The advent of the center will possibly free the country from the situation that it is always buying almost-outdated technologies from other countries, said the country’s flagship chipmaker.1 Currently, chip plants in this country are in a passive situation because many foreign governments don’t allow them to import the most advanced technologies, fearing they will be used for military purposes. Moreover, the high licensing fees they have to pay to technology providers are also an important reason for their decision of self-reliance2.
As mainstream chip production technology shifts from one generation to the next every three to five years3,plants with new technology can make more powerful chips at lower costs, while4 plants with outdated equipment, which often cost billions of dollars to build, will be marginalized by the maker.
More than 10 chip plants are being built, each costing millions of US dollars.5 The majority of that money goes to overseas equipment vendors and technology owners — mainly from Japan and Singapore.
Should the new center play a major role in improving the situation in the industry,6 the country admits the US $14 million investment is still rather small. This country is developing comprehensive technologies. Most of the investment will be spent on setting alliances with technology and intellectual property7 owners.
词汇：
microchip微芯片 flagship 首位，最好
mainstream 主流 marginalize 忽视，边缘化
vendor 卖主
注释：
1.The advent of the center will possibly free the country from the situation that it is always buying almost-outdated technologies from other countries, said the country’s flagship chipmaker：这个国家名列首位的芯片制造公司说，芯片中心的成立可能使这个国家摆脱从他国购买即将淘汰的技术的困境。
1free ... from ... ：把……从……解放出来
2situation that = situation in which
3said the country’s flagship chipmaker：把“谁说的”放在句末，是为了突出“The advent ... other countries”所表达的.事实。注意放在句末时用的是倒装句：said the country’s flagship chipmaker。
2.self-reliance：自力更生
3.every three to five years：每隔3～5年
4.while：而表示对比
5.More than 10 chip plants are being built, each costing millions of US dollars：十几个芯片厂正在建设之中，每一个厂的造价都在几百万美元。
each costing millions of US dollars是独立分词结构，用作状语，进一步说明情况。
6.Should the new center play a major role in improving the situation in the industry：如果新建的芯片中心能在改善该国在芯片行业的被动形势中起重要作用……
Should…in the industry是虚拟条件句，也可写成If the new center should play a major role in improving the situation in the industry ...
7.intellectual property：知识产权
2021年职称英语理工类阅读判断专项试题及答案
练习：
1.The country says that the investment of US $14 million is big enough for developing that country’s chip industry.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
2.That country gives top priorities to developing chips for military purposes.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
3.Although the licensing fees are not very high, that Far Eastern country cannot afford to pay.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
4.Many western countries ban the exporting of the most advanced chip-making technologies to that country to prevent them from being used for military purposes.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
5.Currently, almost all the flagship chipmakers in that country are owned by American investors.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
6.Mainstream chip production technology develop rapidly.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
7.More than 10 chip plants being built in that country are an example of self-reliance.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
答案与题解：
1.B 本题给出的信息是错误的。最后一段说到，如果新建的芯片中心能在改善该国在芯片行业的被动形势中起重要作用，该国认为：“... the US $14 million investment is still rather small”。
2.C 文章没有提供这方面的信息。
3.B 文章提到专利费较高，此句说较低，与原意不符。
4.A 本题给出的信息是正确的。第二段有这样一句话：Currently, chip plants in this country are in a passive situation because many foreign governments don’t allow them to import the most advanced technologies, fearing they will be used for military purposes.这就是选A的依据。
5.C 文章没有提供这方面的信息。
6.A 选A的依据是第三段第一句：... mainstream chip production technology shifts from one generation to the next every three to five years ...
7.B 本题给出的信息是错误的。第四段第二句说明，这些芯片工厂的技术主要是从日本和新加坡进口的。
译文：微芯片研究中心成立
为了开发先进的微芯片生产技术，这个远东国家建立了一个研究中心，该中心启动资金为一千四百万美元，可以帮助该国开发自己的芯片工业，不必总是依赖于进口技术。
该中心将会应用自己的研究技术和设施，为本国芯片厂家开发新技术。这个国家名列首位的芯片制造公司说，芯片中心的成立可能使这个国家摆脱从他国购买即将淘汰的技术的困境。由于许多外国政府担心先进技术会被用于军事目的，不允许这个国家的芯片生产厂家进口前沿技术，所以这些生产厂家处于一种被动局面。另外，由于这些芯片生产厂家必须向技术提供者支付高额的许可费，这也构成了他们决定要自力更生的一个重要原因。
由于主流芯片生产技术每隔 3～5年就要进行更新换代，所以掌握了新技术的厂家就可以以较低的成本制造出较好的芯片，而那些耗费数十亿美元建立起的厂家，如果设备落后，也将会被生产商所淘汰。
几个芯片厂正在建立之中，每个厂的造价都在几百万美元，其中大部分资金都流向了海外设备商和技术所有者——主要是日本和新加坡。
如果新建的芯片中心能在改变该国芯片行业的被动形势中起到重要作用，该国承认，一千四百万美元的投资仍是微不足道的。该国正在开发综合技术，大部分投资将用于与技术和知识产权所有者建立联盟。
Text three
The Biology of Music
Humans use music as a powerful way to communicate. It may also play an important role in love. But what is music, and how does it work its magic? Science does not yet have all the answers.
What are two things that make humans different from animals? One is language, and the other is music. It is true that some animals can sing and many birds sing better than a lot of people. However, the songs of animals, such as birds and whales, are very limited. It is also true that humans, not animals, have developed musical instruments. 1
Music is strange stuff. It is clearly different from language. However, people can use music to communicate things — especially their emotions. When music is combined with speech in a song, it is a very powerful form of communication. But, biologically speaking, what is music?
If music is truly different from speech, then we should process music and language in different parts of the brain. The scientific evidence suggests that this is true.
Sometimes people who suffer brain damage lose their ability to process language. However, they don’t automatically lose their musical abilities. For example, Vissarion Shebalin, a Russian composer，had a stroke in 1953. It injured the left side of his brain. He could no longer speak or understand speech. He could, however, still compose music until his death ten years later. On the other hand，sometimes strokes cause people to lose their musical ability, but they can still speak and understand speech. This shows that the brain processes music and language separately.
By studying the physical effects of music on the body，scientists have also learned a lot about how music influences the emotions. But why does music have such a strong effect on us? That is a harder question to answer. Geoffrey Miller, a researcher at University College, London, thinks that music and love have a strong connection. Music requires special talent, practice, and physical ability. That’s why it may be a way of showing your fitness to be someone’s mate. For example, singing in tune or playing a musical instrument requires fine muscular control. You also need a good memory to remember the notes. And playing or singing those notes correctly suggests that your hearing is in excellent condition. Finally, when a man sings to the woman he loves or vice versa， it may be a way of showing off.
However, Miller’s theory still doesn’t explain why certain combinations of sounds influence our emotions so deeply. For scientists，this is clearly an area that needs further research.
词汇：
automatically .自动地
note 音符
stroke 中风
注释：
1.It is also true that humans, not animals, have developed musical instruments：人研制出了乐器，而动物则不能。Develop：研制，例如：Scientists are developing new drugs to treat cancer.科学家们正在研发新药用以治疗癌症。
练习：
1.Humans, but not animals, can sing.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
2.People can use music to communicate their emotions.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
3.We use the same part of the brain for music and language.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
4.Geoffery Miler has done research on music and emotions.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
5.It’s hard for humans to compose music.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
6.Memory is not an important part in singing in tune.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
7.Scientists does not know all the answers about the effects of music on humans.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
答案与题解：
1.B 第二段的第三句：It is true that some animals can sing and many birds sing better than a lot of people.可以看出有些动物会唱歌，而不只人类会唱歌。
2.A 第三段的第三句：However, people can use music to communicate things — especially their emotions.这句清楚表明，人们可以用音乐来表达情感。
3.B 第四段说明：科学证明人们用大脑的不同区域处理语言和音乐。在第五段，作者用Vissarion Shebalin的例子进一步说明人脑处理语言和音乐的位置不同，Shebalin中风以后不能讲话也听不懂别人的话，但他却能创作乐曲。
4.A 第六段的第四句：Geoffrey Miller, a researcher at University College，London，thinks that music and love have a strong connection.这句说明Miller对音乐和爱情感的关系进行了研究，他得出的结论是：音乐和爱有密切的关联。
5.C 文中没有提及创作乐曲是否困难。
6.B 第六段有一句：You also need a good memory to remember the notes.此句说明必须具备好的记忆力记音符才能唱得符合调子。
7.A 最后一段讲的是：科学家们需要做更多的研究才能解释为什么有些声音影响我们的情感会如此之深。也就是说，科学家不能全部解释音乐对人类的影响。
译文：音乐生物学
人们把音乐作为一种高效的交流方式，在爱情中它也可能会起到重要的作用。但是音乐是什么?它又是如何起到神奇的效果?科学界还没有给出答案。
哪两项事物使得人类不同于动物?一个是语言，另一个是音乐。当然一些动物会唱歌 并且许多鸟唱得比很多人都好听 ，但是，动物的歌声是有限的，比如鸟类和鲸鱼。同样，是人类而不是动物开发出了乐器。
音乐是个奇怪的东西，它与语言有明显的不同。但是，人们能够用音乐去传达——尤其是情感。当音乐与歌曲中的语言结合在一起的时候，它就是一种强有力的表达方式。但是，从生物学来讲，音乐是什么?
如果音乐与语言真的不同，那么我们应该在大脑的不同区域内对音乐和语言进行加工处理，科学证据也证实了这一点。
有时，受过脑损伤的人会丧失他们处理语言的能力。但是，他们不会自动地丢失音乐才能。比如，维沙翁·舍巴林，一位苏联作曲家，在1953 年得了中风。他的大脑的左半边受到损害，他再也不能说话或是理解别人的话，但是他仍然能够谱曲，直到十年后他离开人世。另一方面，中风有时会使人们丧失音乐能力，但是他们仍然能够说话也能听懂别人的话。这就说明大脑是分别加了处理音乐和语言的。
通过研究音乐在人身体上的物理效应，科学家也了解到许多关于音乐是如何影响情感的。但是，为什么音乐对我们有如此强烈的影响?这是一个更难回答的问题。伦敦大学学院的研究员杰弗里·米勒认为音乐和爱有紧密的关，音乐需要特殊才能、练习和体能。这也许是一种方式让你展示你适合做某人的伴侣。比如，按调唱歌或者弹奏乐器需要有很好的肌肉控制力。你也需要有好的记忆力来记住音符。能正确地演奏或者唱出这些音符也证明你的听力也非常好。所以，当一个男人唱给他心爱的女人时反之亦然 音乐就可能成为一种展示的方式。
然而，米勒的理论仍然不能解释为什么声音的特定结合可以深深地影响我们的情感。对于科学家来说，这显然是一个需要深入研究的领域。