The ancients cloud: “ half " the analects of confucius " treat the world ” . " the analects of confucius " all without exception in simple language is divulging Confucius is right of social ﹑ life think, accumulate contain deep wisdom and philosophy, it is the great fortune of the world's accepted mankind civilization.
古人云：“半部《论语》治天下”。《论语》朴素的语言中无不透露着孔子对社会﹑人生的思考，蕴含深刻智慧与哲理，是世界公认的人类文明的伟大财富。
“ benevolence ” is this book core, also be one of the mainest ideas in Confucianism, he thinks “ benevolence the highest state that ” is individual accomplishment, “ is good benevolence person, “ is not had with Shang Zhi ” . " the analects of confucius " told hereat at 2 o'clock: One, “ benevolence the connotation of ” ; 2, how to send benevolence, from this derivative “ mitzvah 2 words of ” . A word, “ is self-denying answer ceremony is benevolence: Should restrain oneself and make words and deeds accord with the ceremony. Confucius still puts forward “ benevolence person can good person, can evil person ” , have idea of right love and hate namely, benevolence person Sweetheart “ ” , “ knows the point of view such as person ” . Urge another person of care, understanding, respect, regard a of Sweetheart “ ” fundamental footing as filial piety, sweetheart “ ” must give presents parents, younger brother of “ filial piety also person, its are benevolence this with ” . Additional, “ benevolence ” still includes “ firm, firm, wood, slow ”—— is doughty, courageous and resolute, guileless, careful. In addition, to Ren De's accomplishment, still basically rely on the effort of individual consciousness. Benevolence person be content with benevolence path, want to accomplish arrowy annals not to move below any environments, maintain integrity, occupied still Feng Xian person, associate with benevolence person.
“仁”是本书核心，也是孔子思想中最重要的概念之一，他认为“仁”是个人修养的最高境界，“好仁者，“无以尚之”。《论语》于此讲了两点：一，“仁”的内涵；二，如何致仁，由此引出“德行”二字。一句话，“克己复礼为仁：要约束自身并使言行合乎礼。孔子还提出“仁者能好人，能恶人”，即有正确的爱憎观念，仁者“爱人”、“知人”等观点。主张爱护、了解、尊敬他人，并把孝悌作为“爱人”的一个根本立足点，“爱人”必须孝敬父母，“孝弟也者，其为仁之本与”。另外，“仁”还包括“刚，毅，木，讷”——刚强，果敢，朴实，谨慎。此外，对仁德的修养，主要还是靠个人自觉的努力。仁者安于仁道，在任何环境下都要做到矢志不移，保持气节，还有事奉贤者，结交仁者。
Secondly, with “ benevolence what ” supplements each other is “ ceremony ” . “ incivility is not inspected, incivility does not listen, incivility not character, incivility does not move ” . What Confucius thinks “ ceremony ” is to safeguard a country to stabilize is essential. “ with politics, neat with punishment, civilian avoid and shameless; Of the path with heart, neat with the ceremony, have shame and case ” , this adduce guiding principle of two kinds of disparate manage state affairs, ” of demonstrative “ ceremony is right Jiaohua function of people. To the individual character, “ does not know a ceremony to not have in order to stand also ”“ respectful be bordering on a ceremony, far disgrace also ”“ gentleman is erudite Yu Wen, make an appointment with with the ceremony, also can not bank husband ” . And “ benevolence ” and “ ceremony ” are not two absolute ideas, both union just is ” of “ perfect character. Confucius thinks collapse of ceremony of “ of later period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty is very happy the reason of ” weighs a form in the ceremony law at that time and thin content, cannot stay in exterior ceremonially only, more important is the upper part of the body from heart and feeling those who realize a ceremony is essential, accord with the requirement of the ceremony. Ceremony and happy it is explicit expression, and benevolence the moral affection that is people heart and requirement. Confucius puts forward “ benevolence ” is to correct Zhou Li's flaw, “ person and heartless, be like happy why? ” and each behavior of Confucius attachs most importance to with “ ceremony ” : Use up the regulation that the ceremony does not violate when filial piety, “ is absent its, do not seek its politics ” ; Students are thick the Confucius when bury colour deep thinks to not agree with the regulation of the ceremony; Kong Zunwen child sicken cannot rise wear face to take see monarch, take day the lid is on the body; When he and monarch have a meal taste actively first, these make clear his comply with to the ceremony.
其二，与“仁”相辅相成的是“礼”。“非礼勿视，非礼勿听，非礼勿言，非礼勿动”。孔子认为“礼”是维护国家稳定的根本。“道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格”，此句举出两种截然不同的治国方针，说明“礼”对人民的教化功能。对个人而言，“不知礼无以立也”“恭近于礼，远耻辱也”“君子博学于文，约之以礼，亦可以弗畔矣夫”。而“仁”和“礼”并非两个独立概念，二者结合才是“完美人格”。孔子认为东周后期“礼崩乐坏”的原因在于当时的礼法重形式而薄内容，不能只停留在表面仪式上，更重要的是从内心和感情上体悟礼的根本，符合礼的要求。礼和乐都是外在的表现，而仁则是人们内心的道德情感和要求。孔子提出“仁”正是为了纠正周礼的缺陷，“人而不仁，如乐何？”而孔子的每一个行为都以“礼”为重：尽孝时不违背礼的规定，“不在其位，不谋其政”；学生们厚葬颜渊时孔子认为不符礼的规定；孔作文子患病无法起身穿朝服见国君，就把朝服盖在身上；他与国君吃饭时都先主动尝一下，这些都表明他对礼的遵从。
Besides, " the analects of confucius " in still introduced accomplishment of many concerned moral character, wait for a person to play, the educational content of Confucius and theory, learn the content of the respect such as manner and method. If the child recognition of Confucius is generalized when his goodness,be “ lukewarm, fine, respectful, frugal, let ” 5 words. The “ that Confucius emphasizes benevolence person ”“ gentleman ” should have “ wisdom, benevolence, 3 heart of brave ” , restrain the desire that seeks creature comfort, abide by ethic self-consciously, erudite much knowledge, have many sided ability, understand view overall situation, leader overall situation, speak and act cautiously, bear the blame to country or individual, become acceptable leader. Next he also emphasizes ” of “ filial piety for many times, filial piety should depend on a ceremony and go, to parental with a kind and pleasant countenance, press principle serve parents of Zhou Li from formally, from the heart in parents of true give presents. Confucius has a lot of advanced education kind, there still also is far-reaching effect nowadays even, be like teach students in accordance of their aptitude, have religion without kind, inspire student interest to wait, he wants attend school to be born can draw inferences about other cases from one instance, make a student sufficient think independently. Poem, ceremony, happy except book learning, besides moral training, confucius often leads a student errant the various states, pay attention to social practice, develop the student's comprehensive and extensive knowledge and mastery of a skill or technique. The main purpose that he runs a school is the person with ability that develops manage state affairs to bring country. On study, he emphasizes learning to consider couple, review in time, feel not ashamed to learn from one's subordinates, modest and assiduous, be practical and realistic, achieve mastery through a comprehensive study of the subject, draw inferences about other cases from one instance.
除此之外，《论语》中还介绍了大量有关品德修养，待人处事，孔子的教育内容与理论，学习态度与方法等方面的内容。如孔子的弟子赞誉他的美德时概括为“温，良，恭，俭，让”五字。孔子强调的“仁者”“君子”应具备“智、仁、勇”三德，克制追求物质享受的欲望，自觉遵守道德规范，博学多识，具有多方面才干，通观全局，领导全局，谨言慎行，对国家或个人负责任，成为合格的领导人。其次他也多次强调“孝”，孝要依礼而行，对父母和颜悦色，从形式上按周礼的原则侍奉父母，从内心深处真正孝敬父母。孔子有很多先进的教育方式，甚至如今也还有深远影响，如因材施教，有教无类，启发学生兴趣等，他要求学生能举一反三，让学生充分独立思考。除书本知识诗、礼、乐，道德修养之外，孔子常带领学生周游列国，注重社会实践，培养学生全面广泛的知识和技能。他办学的主要目的是培养治国安邦的人才。在学习上，他强调学思结合，及时复习，不耻下问，虚心刻苦，实事求是，融会贯通，举一反三。
But we return the thing is to want critically sex ground to accede. Confucius ever said: “ only woman and Lilliputian are embarrassed raise also ” , it is thus clear that its despise the woman's idea, evolve later for “ male honour husband of female low ”“ is wife key link the male authority creed of ” , this kind of thought looks nowadays is to should receive censorious censorious. The principle that his “ is narrated and does not make ” reflects the conservative one side on its thought, complete abide by has the innovation of the thought and development very hard from this principle. The “ that still his place says is not had 3 years change the way at father, filial piety of it may be said ” ignored the students surpasses the teacher and excel blue truth, after all on the level that bearing of the idea idea of people, words and deeds always cannot keep in the past.
可事物我们还是要批判性地继承。孔子曾说：“唯女子与小人为难养也”，可见其轻视妇女的思想，后来则演变为“男尊女卑”“夫为妻纲”的男权主义，这种思想如今看来是应接受批判的。他“述而不作”的原则反映其思想上保守的一面，完全遵从此原则很难有思想的创新和发展。还有他所说的“三年无改于父之道，可谓孝矣”忽视了青出于蓝而胜于蓝的道理，毕竟人们的思想观念、言行举止都不能总停留在过去的水平上。
No matter how say, " the analects of confucius " blended in Confucius all wisdom, today we still can from which derive the truth that a lot of humanness conduct oneself in society. Thousands of years ago wisdom person even is such, we have the praise highly of too much and too much person and Confucius to run in the opposite direction however nowadays. Might as well bubble a cup of sweet tea, recall life dribs and drabs, hear a wise man communicative life philosophy, those who harvest the heart is quiet with quiet.
无论怎么说，《论语》融入了孔子所有的智慧，今天我们仍可以从中汲取很多为人处世的道理。几千年前的智者尚且如此，如今我们却有太多太多人与孔子的推崇背道而驰。不妨泡一杯香茗，忆人生点点滴滴，听圣人畅谈人生哲学，收获心灵的安宁与静谧。(文/写手)