Manage jumps over argue bright, the tiptoe since stand on tiptoe more stand by sunshine. —— preface
理越辩越明，踮起脚尖便更靠近阳光。——题记
In holiday, the classic work that I read Plato for the first time " Utopia " , although have more,indissoluble, but still feeling is very deep. Of the be a comprehensive expression of that this one book is Plato make, the philosophic theory that contained a lot ofhim, economy thinks and be in office opinion, the happiness that makes later generations OK see this ideologist place is gone after and abstemious. The mainest in the book is the controversy to justice and wisdom, about “ Utopia ” a such perfect city-state, plato has his original view.
假期中，我第一次阅读了柏拉图的经典作品《理想国》，虽多有不解，但依然感触很深。这一本书是柏拉图的集大成之作，富含了他的哲理、经济思考以及执政见解，让后人可以看到这位思想家所追求的美好和节制。书中最主要的是对于正义和智慧的辩论，关于“理想国”这样一个完美的城邦，柏拉图有自己独到的看法。
Above all, why be justice? The 3 people that argue with Plato gave out respectively “ justice is to be in debt namely justice of the ”“ that return money is paying effort to repay ”“ justice identically to everybody is be apt to gives friend, evil give enemy ” these 3 answers. Under photograph comparing, bai Tu thinks justice is a kind idiosyncratic, is not some is planted behavior reflects. Be like, the action of brains is the operation that controls the body originally, so breaking down is brains was lost this kind is idiosyncratic; Thought Yi Ran, the thought is justice of behavior letting a person originally, it is the thought lost former some evilly so idiosyncratic. From the 2nd beginning, plato begins to discuss the “ justice ” of a city-state. In a city, and even the dimension of a country is spent on tell, of justice limit should complex a lot of. The just need of city-state is mixed by the brave, wisdom of its people abstemious will reflect, but this is opposite for absolutely justice is very difficult composition of implementation. Accordingly, plato gave out a more fundamental definition, it is people so each doing his own job, defend devoir, not assuming oneself domain. The soul of the person heart because of justice and thought ought not to be interfered each other originally, the person with so medium city-state as much ought not to such. To Plato, the harmony of character, harmonious condition of people is justice reflect. Everybody the tiptoe since stand on tiptoe, can see the just sunshine of city-state.
首先，何为正义？与柏拉图辩论的三人分别给出了“正义即是欠债还钱”“正义是给每个人付出努力相同的报答”“正义就是善给予友人，恶给予敌人”这三个答案。相比之下，柏图认为正义是一种特质，而不是某一种行为体现的。如，头脑的作用本是控制身体的行动，那么瘫痪便是头脑失去了这种特质；思想亦然，思想本是让人行为正义，那么邪恶便是思想失去了原有的特质。自第二卷伊始，柏拉图便开始探讨一个城邦的“正义”。在一座城市，乃至一个国家的维度上讲，正义的界定要复杂许多。城邦的正义需要由它人民的勇敢、智慧和节制来体现，但这相对来说绝对的正义是很难实现的。因此，柏拉图给出了一个更为基本的定义，那么就是人们各司其职，守本分，不要僭越自己的领域。因为正义的人内心的灵魂和思想本不该互相干涉，所以城邦中的人也同样不该如此。对于柏拉图来说，品质的协调，人民的和谐状态便是正义的体现。每个人踮起脚尖，便能看到城邦的正义阳光。
Speak of abstemious, plato is cannot a character of oversight. He maintains abstemious life, abstemious him look upon desire. In ” of refer “ Utopia when this perfect city-state, he alludes for many times abstemious the principal port to justice, how can you just accomplish so true abstemious? Abstemious, those who point to is “ dominates oneself joy and libidinal ” , do not let lust pleasure become the basis of life. Abstemious and OK the force that allows the person's soul to obtain a kind to dominate and right order, the considers happily whole framework of Plato also is to be based on such. The better part in letting the soul controls eviler share; Letting reason control sensibility is abstemious.
谈到节制，柏拉图是不可忽略的一位人物。他主张节制的生活，节制的看待自己的欲望。在谈及“理想国”这个完美城邦时，他多次提及节制对于正义的重要意义，那么如何才能做到真正的节制呢？节制，指的便是“统治自己的快乐和欲望”，不让贪求快感成为人生的主要成分。节制可以让人的灵魂获得一种统治的力量和正确的秩序，柏拉图的幸福论的整体框架也是基于如此。让灵魂中较好的部分控制较恶的部分；让理性支配感性便是节制。
“ yearns for acknowledge and draw close perfect concept or formal ” Plato place advocates this all the time, it is the condition that he can treat light of exposed to the sun as far as possible in city-state. If manage jumps over argue bright, moral character also is to jump over Xiu Yuezhen, compared with the thing that pursues longing blindly, exercise restraint and maintain a distance not to break a good choice forever.
“渴望认知并靠拢完美的理念或形式”这是柏拉图所一直主张的，是他可以在城邦中尽可能看向阳光的条件。如理越辩越明，品性也是越修越真，比起一味追求渴望的事物，克制和保持距离永远不失一个好的选择。(文/何承昊)