" Confucianism forest outside history " it is a full length and acid novel, its are acid is the scholar of those of all kinds. Recreant and rich severe inspect is unripe, the Qu Gongsun of fish for fame and compliments, ungrateful Kuang Chao's person, weigh the scholarly honour and official rank, Wang Hui that does not have integrity, the Fan Jin of persistent imperial examinations, greedy severe tribute gives birth to ……
《儒林外史》是一部长篇讽刺小说，其讽刺的都是那些各色的读书人。胆小有钱的严监生，沽名钓誉的蘧公孙，忘恩负义的匡超人，重功名、无气节的王惠，执着科举的范进，贪婪的严贡生……
Abominable Kuang Chao's person. Before encountering Pan San, kuang Chao's person is a respected person. “ Ma Erxian gives birth to ability, his article already was to stop ready to become, sent. Ma Erxian lays happy line: ‘ learns frequently again, nimble, respected and respected! ’” is in the home, he is more very filial. Help father go to toilet, his “ walks along hutch lower end at once a made of baked clay basin, fill the ash of basin of on one tile, take put before the bed, carried one slat stool to be put outside made of baked clay basin, oneself gather up go to bed, helped great-grandfather up come athwart, two feet are put on bench, the buttock tightens the grey ……” to made of baked clay basin to still let the National People's Congress such as Pan Baozheng, Li Benying add admiration. After can encountering Pan Sanzhi, become make a person abominable. Pan San calls him what to do, what does he do, linking this work is be apt to it is evil, also do not want to be clear about. The ”“ of bright red autograph that Pan San “ called Kuang Chao's person to write to drive palindrome book removed book of a marriage to stalk of grain, called Kuang Chao's person to write ” , call him to take an examination of imperial examinations for Jin Yue again. And all things of “ Pan San are taking him to divide silver ” . Teach practice to pass an entrance examination, he is show one's true colours more. Cheat him benefactor maiden, die when wife Zheng, he “ falls below a few tear comes ” , vaunting still him fame, do not go visitting Pan San, debase a horse even 2 gentlemen. This a few act make me make really evil.
可恨的匡超人。没遇着潘三前，匡超人是个可敬的人。“马二先生才起来，他文章已是停停当当，送了过来。马二先生喜道：‘又勤学，又敏捷，可敬可敬！’”在家里，他更是孝顺得很。帮父亲出恭，他“连忙走到厨下端了一个瓦盆，盛上一瓦盆的灰，拿进去放在床面前，就端了一条板凳放在瓦盆外边，自己扒上床，把太公扶了横过来，两只脚放在板凳上，屁股紧对着瓦盆的灰……”还让潘保正、李本瑛等人大加赞赏。可遇着潘三之后，就变得让人可恨了。潘三叫他做什么，他就做什么，就连这事是善是恶，也不想清楚。潘三“叫匡超人写了一个赶回文书的朱签”“起了一个婚书稿，叫匡超人写了”，又叫他替金跃考科举。而“潘三一切事都带着他分几两银子”。到考取教习，他更是原形毕露。骗恩人自己未婚，当妻子郑氏去世，他只“落下几点泪来”，还吹嘘自己名声，不去看望潘三，还要贬低马二先生。这几幕实在令我犯恶。
Make a person abominable likewise count Yan Gongsheng. At first, fan Jin and Zhang Xiangshen go when “ hits autumn wind ” , meet Yan Gongsheng, he says him “ is between home village or town, never know take a person very little silk the petty gain of half millet, so the parental official of all through the ages cheats “ of your person of ” loving each other to respect ” . But later, show one's true colours, show oneself greedy, tight one side. Come back from the imperial examinations in the province when him when, hear so that 2 brother die. The ordinary person answers originally date is extremely big cry, it is oneself close kin flesh and blood after all, but he is “ only however to ’ of second of ‘ of the cry before a coffin with corpse in, dry date a few, fell two do obeisance to. ” is original this kind of behavior lets a person puzzle with respect to enough, but more the behavior that of scratch one's head over letting a person is his later development. Chela just said he does not occupy others very little silk the petty gain of half millet, the rear foot takes person petty gain everywhere however. Say then Yan Gongsheng is received in provincial capital however do a banquet in person, ask beat upon, occupied old father of someone money “ to give him 2 money 4 minutes however low silver, still smashed head of 3 minutes of his Deng again, call the detain in Zhang Fu to wear again he comes ” not only such, still took money of the family's pig, interest, boat. This also stopped, the belongings “ that occupies brother even actually I a 2 appearances are public, tomorrow came over to accede, it is your new host, must want to take care to serve ” this person to belong to solid make me do evil.
同样令人可恨的就数严贡生。起初，范进和张乡绅去“打秋风”之时，遇上严贡生，他称自己“在乡里之间，从不晓得占人寸丝半粟的便宜，所以历来的父母官都蒙相爱”令人“尊重”。可后来，原形毕露，展现出自己贪婪、吝啬的一面。当他从省里科举回来之时，闻得二弟去世。常人本应号天大哭，毕竟是自己的至亲骨肉，可他却只是“到柩前叫声‘老二’，干号了几声，下了两拜。”本来这种行为就足以让人迷惑，可更让人迷惑不解的是他下文的行为。前脚刚说自己不占别人寸丝半粟的便宜，后脚却处处占人便宜。却说那严贡生在省城接亲办宴，请吹打，却占人家钱“老爹给了他二钱四分低银子，又还扣了他三分戥头，又叫张府里押着他来”不仅如此，还占了人家的猪、利钱、船钱。这也就罢了，竟然还要占兄弟的财产“我家二相公，明日过来继承了，是你们的新主人，须要小心伺候”这人属实令我作恶。
Besides have abominable person, that has poor person. Pitiful Zhou Jin. No matter be his appearance, still be his experience, make a person pitiful. When “ everybody sees Zhou Jin, the head wears a broken terai, wear yuan tonal old straight Duo, that right arm is the same as behind sit place is lousy, below the foot one pair old bright red silken shoe, skin of black thin area, grey mustache. ” tries even the courtyard was to be taken an examination of more than 20 times did not take an examination of on. Carrying the name of a Tong Sheng on the head to be mocked by Mei Jiu, be mocked by Wang Hui. “ Mei Jiu has turned round to: ‘ you are numerous it is not to know we learn school regulations quadrature, lad is to differ the ”“ king a successful candidate in the imperial examinations at the provincial level in the Ming and Qing dynasties that small friendly order ages also does not let Zhou Jin, oneself were sitting to eat, receive next bowls. Backward bonze delivers the meal of a Zhou Jin, leaf of dishful old course, one crock hot water. ” is final, he bumps directly eventually was in on date board. “ deep sigh, bump directly was in on date board, straight deadlocked deadlocked is senseless ” . How can you say this person is he had pity on? Still have pitiful Yan Jiansheng. He is recreant wealthy person, be extremely the person of “ eccentric ” . Economical to him composition; To him those two mother's brother a form of a address for an official or rich man but Wang De, Wang Ren experts exceptionally. Very economical to oneself, “ pork also is hated to part with buy a jin, every constant when young son should eat, be in ripe cutting what 4 fund buy inside inn to fool him is ” ; To those two mother's brother father pole surprises easy, “ opened a piece of closet, take out two silver, every 102, give take out 52 silver to hand in again at Yan Zhihe of ”“ of 2 old uncle with, ground of 2 with indignation written on one's face went. ” husband'ses father twice this after all father is having the qualification that checks imperial examinations, who to change who does not want to please. Finally, when Yan Gongsheng should occupy his family property by force, “ can husband's father twice that father king heart, Wang Ren, those who sitting to resemble clay sculpture woodcarving is general, always not buy can be denied. If ” is sent and alive still, be afraid regret intestines is greenly.
除了有可恨之人，那有可怜之人。可怜的周进。不管是他的样子，还是他的经历，都令人可怜。“众人看周进时，头戴一顶破毡帽，身穿元色调旧直裰，那右边袖子同后边坐处都破了，脚下一双旧大红绸鞋，黑瘦面皮，花白胡子。”就连院试都是考了二十余次都没考上。顶着一个童生的名被梅玖嘲笑，被王惠嘲笑。“梅玖回过头来向众人道：‘你众位是不知道我们学校规矩，老友是从来不同小友序齿的”“王举人也不让周进，自己坐着吃了，收下碗去。落后和尚送出周进的饭来，一碟老菜叶，一壶热水。”最后，他终于一头撞在了号板上。“长叹一声，一头撞在了号板上，直僵僵不省人事”。这人你怎么能不说他可怜呢？还有可怜的严监生。他是胆小有钱之人，是一个极“古怪”之人。对自己作文节俭；对他那两位舅爷王德、王仁可是出奇地大方。对自己极为节俭，“猪肉也舍不得买一斤，每常小儿子要吃时，在熟切店内买四个钱的哄他就是了”；对那两位舅爷极奇大方，“开了一张橱，拿出两封银子来，每位一百两，递于二位老舅”“严致和又拿出五十两银子来交与，二位义形于色地过去了。”毕竟这两位舅爷有着考科举的资格，换谁谁不想讨好一下呢。最后，当严贡生要霸占他的家产时，“可那两位舅爷王德、王仁，坐着就像泥塑木雕的一般，总不置一个可否。”要是致和还在世，恐怕后悔得肠子都青了。
Regrettablly scholar. Xun Mei is respected originally, lucky. By Zhou Jin, Fan Jin two gentlemen favor. Can be so individual, weigh a scholarly honour and official rank however, light filial piety. Be in when him imperial examinations all the way successful when, the old lady in Home “ already at before ” of every die, and Wang Hui gave a lousy idea, “ is inferior to and hide the truth from this thing below, await one's deceased father had chosen be in ” again. Then Xun Mei also had this kind of idea. As the scholar, how can you have this kind of idea? Wang Hui of his “ brother ” is mournful also. For the scholarly honour and official rank, and the integrity that did not have a scholar. Just when peaceful king is rebellious, kingcraft stage “ trembles the kowtow that tremble: ‘ would rather yield and pledge allegiance to. ’” is this a scholar should have a day marking one of the 24 divisions of the solar year in the traditional Chinese calendar? Not be apparently.
可惜的读书人。荀玫本是可敬的，幸运的。被周进、范进两位先生眷顾。可就是这么个人，却重功名，轻孝道。当他在科举一路顺利的时候，“家里老太太已于前月二十一日归天”，而王惠则出了一个馊主意，“不如且将这事瞒下，候考选过了再处”。于是荀玫也有了这种想法。身为读书人，怎么可以有这种想法呢？他的“兄弟”王惠也令人惋惜。为了功名，而没了读书人的气节。适值宁王造反，王道台“颤抖抖的磕头道：‘情愿降顺。’”这是一个读书人该有节气吗？明显不是。
Childe of lamentable Lousan Lou Si. Their ceremony virtuous good person, but of associate with is rogue of a few local ruffian. Although Yang Zhizhong “ is business one's previous experience, all items of an account, do not agree to use heart arrange however, swim except the idle outside going out, be in inn, just also hang down shade sees book ” , namely pedantry, twerp. Among them one person is such, other a few people, still use say. Want, feel for these two childe Bei is urged.
可悲的娄三娄四公子。他们礼贤好士，可结交的都是一些地痞流氓。杨执中“虽然是生意出身，一切账目，却不肯用心料理，除出外闲游，在店里是，也只是垂帘看书”，就是个迂腐，无用之人。其中一人就是这样，其他几人，还用说吗。想想，都为这两位公子感到悲催。
The funny scholar in the book is not little. Fan Jin is not medium before lifting, it is a poor person. “ sallow and emaciated, grey beard, the Dai Yiding on the head defeats terai ” ; After be being lifted in, become extremely funny. After in knowing oneself, be being lifted, “ laughed at one track: ‘ alas! Good! I am medium! ’ is saying, in the future is handed in fall, mandibular joint is bitten closely, senseless. This one act makes ” I am breathed out ah laugh. And Qu Gongsun's behavior also is absurdity. The person of typical fish for fame and compliments. To became famous, at any cost. “ idea already was decided, went engraving unexpectedly rise, keep Gao Jidi name above, ‘ is written below fine ’ of filling collect of family name of husband of Zuo of Xing Qulai a period of ten days. Quarter finish, brush imprinted this kind of behavior lets hundreds of ……” indeed my scratch one's head over, however by deep and remote one silent.
书中可笑的读书人不少。范进未中举之前，是个可怜之人。“面黄肌瘦，花白胡须，头上戴一顶破毡帽”；中举之后，就变得极其可笑。知道自己中举后，“笑了一声道：‘噫！好了！我中了！’说着，往后一交跌倒，牙关紧咬，不省人事。”这一幕令我呵呵一笑。而蘧公孙的行为也是可笑的。典型的沽名钓誉之人。为了出名，不惜代价。“主意已定，竟去刻了起来，把高季迪名字写在上面，下面写‘嘉兴蘧来旬駪夫氏补辑’。刻毕，刷印了几百部……”这种行为着实让我迷惑不解，却又被幽了一默。
Respected scholar. Since the book is medium a few acider person, also can eulogize necessarily a few people. King crown since a respected person, it is a wretch. His “ is 7 years old go up dead the “ in father Home ” goes out only, without incoming ” . But open and upright of Qi of his humanness , despise fame and fortune. Know Zhu Yuanzhang invites his be an official, “ Wang Mian does not inform the Qin Dynasty is old, privately is cleared away, the same night escapes toward meeting check hill. ” makes what the person respects likewise is a horse 2 gentlemen. Want to be born in Ma Erxian when Qu Gongsun when leaving behind a good reputation on the book, ma Erxian is unripe however ground of Yi Zhengyan demit rejected his “ this thing is both of fame and gain nevertheless. Little younger brother does not agree oneself became bad renown, avowed the scholar that ……” of the benefit that do hasten sees Ma Erxian is born is an integrity from which. These 2 let be in next admiring to admire really!
可敬的读书人。既然书中讽刺了一些人，必然也会歌颂一些人。王冕既是一个可敬的人，又是一个可怜的人。他“七岁上死了父亲”家里“只有出去的，没有进来的”。但是他为人嵚崎磊落，蔑视功名富贵。知道朱元璋邀他做官，“王冕并不通知秦老，私自收拾，连夜逃往会稽山。”同样令人尊敬的是马二先生。当蘧公孙想在马二先生书上留名时，马二先生却义正言辞地拒绝了他“这事不过是名利二者。小弟一不肯自己坏了名，自认做趋利……”从中看出马二先生是一个正直的读书人。这二位实在让在下佩服佩服！
" Confucianism forest outside history " announce with comedic gimmick contradictory one side of the character, achieve the result that sneer at thereby, in let you the affection that belly laugh lets you be full of detestable, pitiful, absurdity to this individual again however. This book is such, the character inside lets you cherish complex mood to taste read, although feel very far from us but reality of special press close to.
《儒林外史》以喜剧手法揭示人物的矛盾一面，从而达到嘲讽的效果，在让你捧腹大笑却又让你对这个人充满可憎、可怜、可笑的情感。这本书就是这样，里面的人物让你怀着复杂的心情去品读，虽然觉得离我们很远但又非常贴近现实。(文/傅禹睿)