One, raise a question
一、提出问题
My surname is gold. How does gold come? What famous person is there on the history? Is full marks ranked in surname of a hunderd schools / a few? The current situation how? Taking these issues I want to study, " gold " the history of the surname and current situation.
我的姓氏就是金。金是怎么来的？历史上有哪些名人？在百家姓里排名第满分/几？现状怎么样？带着这些问题我想去研究一下，”金”姓的历史和现状。
2, research technique
二、研究方法
1, search for on the net
1、在网上搜寻
2, call the parent please
2、请叫家长
3, consult relevant book
3、查阅相关书籍
3, the data is arranged
三、资料整理
1, the origin of golden family name
1、金氏的来源
The origin that gold surnames is more, a kind of the earliest version originates on olden little Hao Di, prior of another kind of view the golden day Chu when the Western Han Dynasty of out of golden family name. Divide above outside two kinds of views, when the Qin Dynasty before 16 countries, chieftain of person of Yu forest ancient Qiang has golden family name. On Korea history new collect kingly surname gold. The Five Dynasties 10 countries the Wu Yue country of period, because king of found a state calls money Zuo , and Zuo and Liu Tongyin, reason thinks to make avoid as taboo, the person that the Liu of this country surnames, all go by knife of head of the fourth of the twelve Earthly Branches, instead gold family name, place also changes even pomegranate cherry making gold even. Today the gold of Zhejiang area surnames a family, still exist " vivid gold dead Liu " traditional, use golden last name before one's death namely, the gravestone after dying makes Liu last name. The county that gold surnames looks is million of Peng Cheng, Beijing.
金姓的来源较多，最早的一种说法来源于上古时的少昊帝，另一种说法较早的金氏出自西汉时的金日磾。除上面两种说法外，十六国前秦时，榆林古羌人首领有金氏。朝鲜历史上的新罗国王姓金。五代十国时期的吴越国，因开国国王叫钱镠，而镠与刘同音，故认为犯讳，该国的刘姓之人，便皆去刘字的卯头刀旁，改为金氏，当地甚至连石榴也改叫金樱。今浙江地区的金姓人家，仍然存在“活金死刘”的传统，即生前使用金姓，死后墓碑则作刘姓。金姓的郡望是彭城、京兆。
2, historical celebrity
2、历史名人
Golden family name also has a lot of famous person on the history: Tang Dynasty has Jin Zhongyi. Song Dai has inscriptions on bronze firm, straight bachelor of cabinet of government-owned dragon graph; Jin Yan, shao Yang (belong to Hunan today) person, feng Zhao lifts filial piety cheap, for the world the first, county person number " family name of justice door gold " . Bright generation has scholastic gold to ask, medicinal powder a small tinkling bell of music home gold. There is Jin Sheng of famous literature commenter to sigh at the beginning of Ming Moqing, ever was opposite " Shui Hu " with " on the west compartment " undertake correcting. Clear Dai Youshu draws a golden farming, official script Chinese hackberrya is thick, regular script starts one case oneself, its picture builds meaning novelty, for " Yangzhou 8 strange " one of; Still have counteract hall great scholar to hold a high official in ancient China of the Ministry of Official Personnel Affairs in feudal China concurrently to add too teach Jin Zhijun, painter Jin Kan, scholastic gold a list of names posted up, poetic gold and, historian golden gate instructs. Gold surnames person of outstanding ability to come forth in large numbers,
金氏在历史上也有许多名人：唐代有金忠仪。宋代有金文刚，官龙图阁直学士；金彦，邵阳（今属湖南）人，奉诏举孝廉，为天下第一，郡人号“义门金氏”。明代有学者金问，散曲家金銮。明末清初有著名文学批评家金圣叹，曾对《水浒》与《西厢》进行批改。清代有书画家金农，隶书朴厚，楷书自创一格，其画造意新奇，为“扬州八怪”之一；还有中和殿大学士兼吏部尚书加太傅金之俊，画家金侃，学者金榜，诗人金和，史学家金门诏。金姓英才辈出，代不乏人。
My impression is the deepest in person of golden full name still is Jin Sheng sighs. Jin Sheng sighs is the person at the beginning of Ming Moqing, the abdomen has talent, be conceited and contemptuous, unruly of unruly or unrestrained, lead a gender and be, act fantastic eccentricity, do not be lay place cabined, arrogant in appearing humour and resource. In imperial examinations snarl of the be laughing and playing on examination paper, mockingly the malady of imperial examinations, so that lose out frequently. He is well-known literary critic.
金姓名人里我印象最深的还是金圣叹。金圣叹是明末清初人，腹有才华，恃才傲物，狂放不羁，率性而为，行事荒诞怪癖，不为世俗所拘束，高傲中透着幽默和机智。在科举考卷上嬉笑怒骂，取笑科举的弊病，以至于屡次落榜。他是著名的文学批评家。
Jin Sheng sighs like to drink, often lend wine interest book of disease of act vigorously pen, begin to write or paint of it may be said becomes an order. He not only love drinks, and have an eccentricity, love to hear the flavour of feminine foot-binding cloth namely. He often takes off the embroider shoe of next madams, put goblet inside the shoe, drink to touch the madam's bound feet at the same time at the same time, hear shoe and wine compound rare delicacy, it is some let a person understand hard really.
金圣叹喜欢喝酒，常借酒劲奋笔疾书，可谓下笔成章。他不但爱喝酒，而且有个怪癖，就是爱闻女人裹脚布的味道。他常脱下夫人的绣花鞋，将酒杯放在鞋内，一边饮酒一边抚摸夫人的小脚，闻鞋与酒混合的异味，实在是有些让人难以理解。
The beneficial of uncle money modest that Jin Sheng sighs, it is the person of a be mortally afraid of death, pliable the ways of the world, ever accomplished in Ming Dynasty via summary photograph fair, li Zicheng of go to somewhere for shelter has become clerical officer later, qing Bing is entered after closing, he surrenders again quiet day, became man of serve of the Ministry of Rites in feudal China. Hold a birthday party of money modest beneficial, jin Sheng sighs hinder to be forced to attend the banquet at maternal face congratulate on sb's birthday, between banquet, applepolish of a guest says: "Money Yours Excellency, make the talent austral nephew metallographic Gong Naijiang, bellyful combs and arrange silk threads-attend to state affairs, connect Gu Bo today, lilliputian is long Wen Jiming, now paper of wine of buy of as it happens, why not the spot writes a composition, let everybody open horizon? " in everybody cluster round below, jin Sheng sighs great kindness is difficult however, be forced to promise to do one couplet. See he wields his writing brush only write down " face of a civilian floret " , everybody is full of blank, silent dare not talk, waiting for Jin Sheng to sigh continue to write, jin Sheng sighs not to no hurry unbearably write: "3 day founding member... " , everybody this ability loosened at a heat, money modest beneficial also the face shows smile, who knows Jin Sheng to sigh to write then: "Old treacherous court official! " next go off in a huff. This pair rises to combination even if " face of a civilian floret, old treacherous court official of 3 day founding member " (also have say " from bright from the thief from Qing Dynasty, old treacherous court official of 3 day founding member " ) . He not Wei ascendancy, the figure of unruly or unrestrained of honest and frank is revealed without involuntary discharge of urine.
金圣叹的舅父钱谦益，是一名贪生怕死、圆滑世故的人，曾在明朝做到经略相公，后来投奔李自成做过书记官，清兵入关后，他又投降清朝，做了礼部侍郎。钱谦益做寿，金圣叹碍于母亲的面子只好去赴宴祝寿，席间，一个宾客拍马屁说：“钱大人，令甥金相公乃江南才子，满腹经纶，通古博今，小人久闻其名，今日正好置酒论文，何不现场作文，让大家开开眼界？”在大家的簇拥下，金圣叹盛情难却，只好答应做一对联。只见他挥毫写下“一个文官小花脸”，众人满面失色，鸦雀无声不敢说话，等着金圣叹继续写，金圣叹不慌不忙写道：“三朝元老……”，大家这才松了一口气，钱谦益也面露喜色，谁知金圣叹接着写完：“大奸臣！”然后拂袖而去。这副对联合起来就是“一个文官小花脸，三朝元老大奸臣”（也有说“从明从贼又从清，三朝元老大奸臣”）。他不畏权势，耿直狂放的形象表露无遗。
3, current situation of golden family name
3、金氏现状
1, current situation of golden family name
1、金氏现状
Golden surname is to occupy chinese mainland the 64th surname, in Central Plains and Anhui Su Zhe area has certain effect. 0 what current gold surnamed a crowd to occupy countrywide population about. 3% , total population has 3.8 million about.
金姓是占中国大陆第六十四位姓氏，在中原和皖苏浙地区有一定的影响。当今金姓人群大约占了全国人口的0。3%，总人口大约有380万。
2, population distributings
2、人口分布
First the activity that Qin Shijin surnames is bit onlier data, but it is after Qin Han, area of golden surname activity expands very quickly northwest, northeast, Central Plains and area of Fujian of river short for Zhejiang Province, henan is the mobile center that gold surnames all the time.
先秦时金姓的活动仅有点资料，但在秦汉以后，金姓活动地区很快扩展到西北、东北、中原和江浙闽地区，河南一直是金姓的活动中心。
4, study conclusion
四、研究结论
1, the origin of golden family name has a lot of, basically have 3 kinds of source.
1、金氏的来源有很多，主要有三种来源。
2, the generation at the beginning of talent of family name of the gold on the history. Song Dai has inscriptions on bronze firm, there is Jin Sheng of well-known critic learning the home to sigh at the beginning of Ming Moqing, still have scholastic gold a list of names posted up,
2、历史上金氏人才初辈。宋代有金文刚，明末清初有著名学家批评家金圣叹，还有学者金榜，现在还有军事家金一南。
3, our country's most surname is king, of the more than 2nd is plum, and gold is ranked the 29th.
3、我国最多的姓氏是王，第二多的是李，而金则排名第二十九。
5, study impressions
五、研究感想
Passed this research, I to gold this surname also understands morely. Study I feel very interesting this, because can let oneself know more knowledge, and the origin that still can understand him surname more.
经过了这次的研究，我对金这个姓氏也明白得更多了。这次研究我觉得很有趣，因为能让自己懂得更多知识，而且还能更加明白自己姓氏的来源。(文/金璟冉)